Serina Therapeutics, Inc. (SER): R&D Expense

Annual figures by period end, from SEC filings.

Restated years: each year's figure is from the latest filing that reports it. The company later restated the year ended 2020-12-31 (for example after a spin-off or a discontinued operation), while the year before it was last reported on the old basis. Changes across those points are marked n/c (not comparable), and growth rates are not computed across them.

$13.15M

Year ended 2025-12-31

$14.07M

Trailing 12 months to 2026-06-30

+134.1%

3-year compound annual growth

+28.8%

5-year compound annual growth

2017-12-31 R&D Expense (USD) 2025-12-31

Period ended	R&D Expense	Change YoY	Source filing
2025-12-31	$13.15M	+75.9%	2026-03-25, From 2025-01-01
2024-12-31	$7.48M	+213.2%	2026-03-25, From 2024-01-01
2023-12-31	$2.39M	+133.0%	2025-03-24, From 2023-01-01
2022-12-31	$1.02M	-29.6%	2024-03-22, From 2022-01-01
2021-12-31	$1.46M	-60.8%	2023-03-31, From 2021-01-01
2020-12-31	$3.71M	n/c	2022-03-29, From 2020-01-01
2019-12-31	$5.90M	+1.3%	2021-03-31, From 2019-01-01
2018-12-31	$5.83M	+0.8%	2020-03-31, From 2018-01-01
2017-12-31	$5.78M	n/a	2019-04-01, From 2017-01-01

R&D Expense at similar companies

Companies with the same SEC industry code (Pharmaceutical Preparations), reporting in the same currency, closest in revenue. Each shows its own latest fiscal year, so period ends differ.

Company	Year ended	R&D Expense	Change YoY
Serina Therapeutics, Inc. (SER)	2025-12-31	$13.15M	+75.9%
BullFrog AI Holdings, Inc. (BFRG)	2025-12-31	$1.80M	-19.0%
iBio, Inc. (IBIO)	2026-06-30	$19.64M	+136.3%
Lisata Therapeutics, Inc. (LSTA)	2025-12-31	$7.95M	-29.9%
Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (ATNM)	2025-12-31	$21.12M	-29.7%
Incannex Healthcare Inc. (IXHL)	2025-06-30	$10.75M	-16.6%
Clene Inc. (CLNN)	2025-12-31	$14.01M	-30.1%
Silo Pharma, Inc. (SILO)	2025-12-31	$2.16M	-8.8%
Regen BioPharma Inc (RGBP)	2025-09-30	$11.7K	-92.4%

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